xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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374

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.7a (Continued) Study Year LOE

Study design Cross-sectional

Study groups 187 workers in paint

Clinical end point

Conclusions Dose-related

UPSIT R

Schwartz et al 344

1990

4

decrements in OF only in nonsmokers 8.8% workers with disturbance of smell and taste vs 1.3% of controls hyposmic and 13% were moderately or severely hyposmic group, 31% were mildly hyposmic Patients with renal damage had more significant OD Of the reference disturbances were found in 3% of workers exposed to solvent-based paint vs 0.4% in workers exposed to water-based paint Manganese workers had significantly worsened smell thresholds compared with their matched controls Pairs differed on emotional state, motor function, cognitive flexibility, and olfactory perception No difference was found in verbal fluency, Of workers, 40% were mildly 6-fold increase of threshold that returned to normal at a rate of 6.8 ds/hour Taste or olfactory

manufacturing

Hotz

1992

4

Cross-sectional

264 workers exposed to

Memory index Subjective smell/taste impairment

et al 342

hydrocarbons

Controls

Urinary cadmium levels Cadmium-induced renal damage OF through butanol detection threshold andodor identification

Rose

1992

4

Cross-sectional

55 workers with

et al 330

chronic exposure tocadmium fumes ina brazing operation

2Controls

Mergler

1992

4

Cohort

5 healthy patients exposed to toluene and or xylene

Olfactory perception threshold

et al 343

Wieslander et al 341

Self-administered

1994

4

Cross-sectional

255 painters

questionnaire to assess occurrence of symptoms

(solvent-based paint)

302 exposed to water-based paint

Mergler

1994

4

Case-control

115 workers

Emotional state Motor functions

et al 334

employed in manganese alloy production Matched controls

Cognitive flexibility Olfactory thresholds for PM-carbinol and toluene Basic mathematics Reading capability Attentional capacity

mathematics, reading, and attentional capacity

(Continues)