xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.7a (Continued) Study Year LOE

Study design Cross-sectional

Study groups 33 workers in

Clinical end point PEA odor threshold and confusion matrix odor identification ability Blood and urinary cadmium values

Conclusions Mean olfactory threshold was significantly worse in

Mascagni et al 322

2003

4

cadmium fusion Reference group 1: 39 nonexposed workers Reference group 2: 23workers exposed to iron and steel welding fumes 52 workers exposed to acrylonitrile butadiene

cadmium workers Odor identification test findings for cadmium workers were similar to those of the reference groups Exposed group had lower OF after work Exposed workers had decreased olfactory threshold scores but no difference inodor identification scores performed worse except those in the 50- to 63-year age group, in which there was no difference Welders may be at risk for loss of smell function, unrelated to neurological and neuropsychologi cal test performance performed worse in threshold and discrimination but not in identification Mexico City residents Mexico City residents

Cheng

2004

4

Cohort

1-butanol threshold Odor identification, both prework and postwork

et al 345

styrene thermal decomposition products reference group (n = 72)

Non exposed

Hudson

Olfactory

2006

4

Cross-sectional

82 Mexico City

et al 352

identification and threshold using an orange drink and coffee Odor discrimination using a horchata and atole beverage

residents (high air pollution) residents (low air pollution)

86 Tlaxcala

Antunes et al 326

2007

4

Case-control

Professional

UPSIT R Neurologic and

welders (n = 43) who worked 1 or 2 years on the SanFran cisco/Oakland Baybridge Matched controls

neuropsychological test measures

Guarneros et al 353

SS-TDI

2009

4

Cross-sectional

30 Mexico City

residents (high air pollution)

30 Tlaxcala residents

Ranft

2009

4

Cross-sectional

399women

SS-ID

Motor vehicle

et al 354

exposed to traffic-related particulate matter

exposure was associated with poorer olfaction

(Continues)