xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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394

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.10 Section evidence summary: Related to endocrine diseases Study Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Conclusions

Several endocrine

Gleeson

2011

5

EBR

Medline search using olfaction, smell, anosmia, dysosmia, phantosmia, odor identification, odor threshold, odor discrimination, OE, OB, and UPSIT R hypogonadotropic hypogonadism undergoing long-term pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment 90menwith idiopathic

Multiple

et al 459

disorders evidence disorders of smell

psychometric measure of smell

Sykiotis

2010

4

Retrospective cohort

Subjective smelling ability

Patients with idiopathic

et al 460

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia, Kallmann syndrome, can have variation in subjective smell ability based on whether the underlying genetic mutation is only affecting the hypothalamus vswhether patients also have primary testicular and/or pituitary mutation

Henkin

Olfactory ability is markedly

Threshold and recognition

1966

4

Prospective

41 normal volunteers, 56 patients with acute and chronic diseases, 2 patients with anterior pituitary insufficiency, and 9 patients with adrenal cortical insufficiency

et al 461

case-controlled

decreased in patients with untreated adrenal insufficiency

olfactory testing

deGennes et al 463

1970

4

Case series

Subjective smelling ability

All patients had hypogo nadotrophic

7 cases of patients with de Morsier syndrome

hypogonadism with anosmia

Taste and smell defects are

McConnell et al 464

Threshold and recognition

1975

3

Prospective cohort

15 patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism assessed pretreatment and posttreatment with thyroxine

common clinical abnormalities in patients with primary hypothyroidism These defects may contribute to the anorexia and lack of interest in eating, which are frequently observed

olfactory testinh

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