xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

400

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.11 (Continued) Study

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point Objective (OFFE)

Conclusions

Pinto

2014 2

Cross-sectional

NSHAP respondents

Black patients have

et al 528

worse OD compared with other races in peer age groups after

correcting for confounders

Rawal

2016 2

Cross-sectional

NHANES respondents

Subjective

OD prevalence increases with age (32% in patients > 80years) Loss of OSN specificity withage Number and diameter of mitral cells decreases withage OD 0.6% in patients < 35 years compared with 13.9% in patients > 65 years accompanied by characteristic degenerative cortical changes Higher OD in patients < 20 years and > 60 years OD associated with increased mortality Age-related OD

et al 121

Rawson

2012 2

Cross-sectional

Healthy volunteers in Philadelphia, PA

Objective (scent

et al 537

thresholds for 2 odors, olfactory biopsies with fluorescence imaging) Mitral cell number and diameter

Sama-ul Haq et al 539 Schubert et al 133

2008 2

Cross-sectional

Cadaver study

2012 2

Cross-sectional

Beaver Dam Offspring Study participants

Subjective and objective (SDOIT)

Schubert et al 532

2017 2

Cross-sectional

EHLS adult participants

Objective (OLFACT-RL) ODT worse in older adults

Segura

2013 2

Cross-sectional

Healthy older adults in Barcelona, Spain

Objective (UPSIT R ,MRI of olfactory centers)

et al 541

Sorokowska et al 529

2015 2

Cross-sectional

Healthy volunteers (multicenter)

Subjective and objective (SS-ID)

Wilson

Elderly volunteers in Chicago, IL

Objective (B-SIT R ), mortality

2011

2

Longitudinal population based Cross-sectional

et al 73

Xu

2020 2

NSHAP respondents

Objective (SS-ID, 5 odors) Odor sensitivity and identification both decrease with age, identification more affected by cognition

et al 531

Yousem

1998 2

Cross-sectional

Healthy volunteers in Philadelphia, PA

Objective (UPSIT R ,MRI of olfactory centers)

OB and tract volume increase up to fourth decade then decrease, but not correlated withUPSIT R performance between 20 and 40 years, high rates of anosmia in the elderly Increased risk for OD in patients > 55 years Best olfactory

et al 540

Doty

1984 2

Cross-sectional

Healthy volunteers in Philadelphia, PA

Objective (UPSIT R )

et al 524

Hoffman et al 122

2006 2

Cross-sectional

NHIS respondents

Subjective

(Continues)