xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.12 Section evidence summary: Related to neurodegenerative disease

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Waldton 544

Number of correct

Number of correct

Alzheimer disease

1974 4

Case

66AD(all female) 50HCs (all female)

responses markedly depressed in AD, with performance declining over time

control

identifications of 6 odors for each of 5 test periods over 3-year period

Serbyet al 545

1985 4

Case

11AD 20HCs

10-odor

Patients with AD performed more poorly than HCs Only those who performed

control

2-alternative forced-choice IDtest presented twice Analogous tactile test

well on tactile test included to rule out dementia-related test-taking difficulties

Peabody and Tinklen berg 546

8 patients with AD and 1 HC had difficulty identifying

1985 4

Case

18AD 26HCs

5-odor ID task with4 alternative choices

control

odors when presented with written response alternatives

Knupfer and Spiegel 547

1986 4

Case

17AD 18VD 19HC

Multiple tasks,

For all measures, AD < VD < HCs (P < 0.001 for all)

control

including odor naming, recognition, forced-choice ID, 3 thresholds

UPSIT R

Warner

1986 4

Case

17 early-stage AD 17HCs

Patients with AD performed worse than HCs on 38 of the 40 test items Patients with AD seemed to have more difficulty in last 20 items of test AD < HCs on both odor ID and threshold; data from only those who performed well on the picture test were included in the study 7 AD had ID deficits; only 3 had threshold deficits Olfactory memory impaired in AD and Huntington disease relative to controls Greater deficit in odor recognition than other recognition tasks AD-related deficits on all measures Better ID performance with response alternatives (Continues)

et al 548

control

Dotyet al 549

1987 4

Case

25mildAD 25HCs

UPSIT R PEA threshold Picture ID test

control

(for screening out extreme dementia)

Koss et al 550

1987 4

Case

10mildAD 8HCs

UPSIT R Pyridine

control

threshold

Moberg et al 551

1987 4

Case

42 earlyAD 38 Huntington disease 42HCs

OM Verbal and visual recognition

control

Rezek 552

1987 4

Case

18AD 26HCs

ID of 5 odorants Thresholds to pentanol and cinnamon oil

control