xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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404

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Kesslak et al 553

Significant loss on both tests in AD and PD, but not in MS Severe impairment on match-to-sample test PD test scores lower than all other groups UPSIT R items than controls No impairment noted for threshold No correlations with neuropsych tests or FDG PET metabolism in multiple cortices No left:right differences in thresholds AD had higher thresholds than HCs (less sensitive) Thresholds correlated with MMSE, DRS, and Blessed scores AD, possible AD, and other groups with dementia performed worse than the young and old healthy elderly and the college-aged students Dementia, rather than AD per se, influenced smell function AD identified fewer

UPSIT R Match-to-sample taskusing uncommon odors

1988 4

Case

18AD 14PD 14MS 18HCs

control

Koss et al 554

1988 4

Case

10mildAD 10HCs

UPSIT R Pyridine

control

threshold Cognitive tests FDGPET metabolism

Murphy et al 555

1990 4

Case

21AD 21HCs

Butanol threshold Cognitive tests

control

Schiffman et al 556

1990 4

Case

30AD 8 possible AD 16 dementia other than AD 12 “young healthy elderly” 12 “old healthy elderly” 13 college-aged students

Odorant bottles interspersed

control

with blanks at suprathreshold level

Buchsbaum et al 557

AD < HCs on all tests Decreased FDG PET

1991 4

Case

4AD 6HCs

30-trial odor match-to sample test Odor threshold test

control

metabolism in anterior MTC

Dotyet al 558

1991 4

Case

24earlyAD 24earlyPD 24 patients with

UPSIT R Picture

When controlling for age and other factors, the degree of OD was indistinguishable between AD, PD, and patients with Parkinson-Dementia Complex of Guam AD < HCs on UPSIT R Atrophy of hippocampal, entorhinal cortex, and

control

Identification Test

Parkinson Dementia Complexof Guam

Kesslak et al 559

1991 4

Case

8AD 7HCs

UPSIT R Odor matching Cognitive tests MRI

control

hippocampal and entorhinal cortex volumes correlated with olfactory test scores

(Continues)