xRead - Treatment of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate (May 2025)

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No donor-site hematoma, adverse airway events, reintubation, bleeding, infection, super fi cial dehiscence, fl ap necrosis or fi stula. 6months 4 Not speci fi ed 4 28months 4

Evidence Level

Cheek swelling for 5 days in almost all patients. No bleeding, no fi stula. All patients have some degree of hypernasality (mild = 12, moderate = 10, severe = 3) 2.7 ± 1.1 years

months

technique BFP used as Outcomes Follow-up 16-22

No nasal regurgitation, fi stula, airway compromise, hearing impairment, appropiate age speech without

No fi stula recurrence, no facial asymmetry. Need for pedicle division (n = 3). Mild donor site pain and swelling (n = 16)

No fi stula, no complications in donor site, no infections.

hypernasality or nasal emissions

Added layer in fi stula area (n = 12), and

obstructing the space of Ernst (n = 7). Pedicled fl ap for oral layer

layer to reinforce nasal layer

closure, over palatal mucoperiostum

Interpositional layer over all dissected palatal surfaces

Added intermediate layer, or as nasal or oral layer

Added intermmediate

Denadai, 2023 34 33 Cleft palate Veau II, III, IV Modi fi ed Furlow with small Z-plasties, two- fl aps for hard palate Secondary palate repair Gröbe, 2011 10 19 Palatal fi stula after cleft palate repair Straight line closure (no speci fi c description in the study) Turn-over fl aps for nasal Ashtiani, 2011 19 29 Palatal fi stula after cleft palate repair,

Secondary Furlow for VPD, and rotation fl ap, straight line closure or re-repair of the hard palate for Fistula closure

Modi fi ed Furlow with small Z-plasties

Palate repair surgical

closure, pedicled

unilateral BFP for oral closure

Saralaya, 2020 35 25 Palatal fi stula (n = 18) or VPD (n = 7) after cleft

Study n Inclusion criteria

compromise of nasal layer

10-20 mm in posterior palate repair two-thirds of the palate

Denadai, 2022b 32 5 Cleft palate Veau I, II with

Table 1. (continued)

IVVP: Intravelar veloplasty; VPD: Velopharyngeal dysfunction. a Study designed to evaluate the palate repair technique, included for the large number of patients. 5