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Wise et al.

Page 304

Prenatal exposure to high NO 2 correlated with AR; postnatal exposure to high PM 10 correlated with AR.

Prediagnosis levels of CO and NO x were significantly related to AR diagnosis.

Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript TABLE VI.D.

Evidence for the effects of pollution exposure on the development of allergic rhinitis Study Year LOE Study design Study groups Clinical endpoint Conclusion Codispoti et al. 578 2015 2b Prospective cohort DEP exposure at 1 year: 1 ≥66th percentile; 2 <66th percentile Development of AR by age 4 years High DEP exposure did not correlate with the development of AR. Gehring et al. 580 2015 2b Pooled prospective cohort 1 High exposure to NO 2 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ; 2 Low exposure to air pollutants Incidence and prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis from age 4 to 14–16 years No association between air pollution exposure and rhinoconjunctivitis incidence or prevalence at various ages. Kim et al. 579 2011 2b Prospective cohort Concentrations of 5 air pollutants (NO 2 , O 3 , SO 2 , CO, PM 10 ): 1 Industrial area; 2 Metropolitan city Development of AR in children over 2 years Incidence of AR is not associated with air pollutants; however, there was a positive association between higher O 3 levels and AR in industrial areas. Chiang et al. 587 2016 3b Case-control study Exposure to SO 2 over 11 years: 1 High exposure; 2 Low exposure Diagnosis of AR in children High exposure to SO 2 correlates with an increased diagnosis of AR. Chung et al. 588 2016 3b Case-control study Exposure to 5 air pollutants (PM 10 , NO x , SO 2 , CO, O 3 ): 1 High exposure; 2 Low exposure Diagnosis of AR in preschool children 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 ):

Higher exposure to CO was associated with an increased lifetime prevalence of physician diagnosed AR.

Diagnosis of AR in kindergarten children

Diagnosis of AR by the age of 6– 7 years

10 , NO 2 , SO 2 , CO,

1 High exposure;

2 Low exposure

1 High exposure;

2 Low exposure

O 3 ):

Deng et al. 557 2016 4 Cross-sectional Exposure to 3 air pollutants (PM

Kim et al. 476 2016 4 Cross-sectional Exposure to 5 air pollutants (PM

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 June 10.