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ICAR SINONASAL TUMORS

TABLE XII.1 (Continued)

Clinical endpoints Sensitivity,

Study

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Conclusions

Ishii et al. 385

1. Sensitivity 89%, specificity 96%, accuracy 95%, likelihood ratio 24.4, prevalence 0.2, PPV 86%, andNPV97% 2. Crushed artifacts and inadequate specimen size were major sources of incorrect reads PM was independent predictor of worse DSS, OS, and RFS

2017 4

Retrospective case series

Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections obtained during ONB surgery for 459 specimens from 33 patients

specificity, accuracy, likelihood ratio, prevalence, PPV, and NPV

Patel et al. 181

2012 4

Retrospective case series

Patients with ONB who underwent CFRwithPM

1. OS 2. DSS 3. RFS

( n = 23) versus NM ( n = 102)

Zafereo et al. 397

1. DSS 2. RFS

PM was associated with lower DSS andRFS

2008 4

Retrospective case series

Patients with ONB withPM( n = 2)

versusNM( n = 13)

Chaoet al. 394

2001 4

Retrospective case series

Patients with ONB withPM( n = 5)

1. DFS 2. LRC

1. With adjuvant RT, LRC was achieved in four out of five patients with PM and nine out of 14 patients with NM, close, or unknown margins 2. PM status did not adversely affectDFS 1. PM had an HR for recurrence of 10.1 respective of combination of treatment regimen used compared to NM 2. Survival analysis identified better outcome on RFS and OS withNM NM + adjuvant CRT had a significantly better 5-year survival than those undergoing definitive CRT Patients with PM treated with adjuvant RT or CRT trended toward worse OS than patients with NM treated with adjuvant RTorCRT

versusNM( n = 10)

Resto et al. 372

1. Recurrence 2. RFS 3. OS

1999 4

Retrospective review

Patients with ONB withPM( n = 6)

versusNM( n = 10)

Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma Khanet al. 367 2017 4

5-yearOS

Patients with SNUC withPM( n = 22) versusNM( n = 37)

Retrospective database review (NCDB) Retrospective database review (NCDB)

Squamous cell carcinoma Ackall et al. 414 2021

OS

Patients with poorly differentiated SCC who underwent surgery with PM ( n = 233) versus NM ( n = 393) Patients with SCC who underwent EEA withPM( n = 4) versusNM( n = 11)

4

Nakamura et al. 140

2021

4

Retrospective case series

DSS

Patients with NM had better DSS rate than those with PM

(Continues)

quate margin is the proximity to critical neurovascular structures, limiting the feasibility of wide surgical margins. An understanding of the three-dimensional anatomy of the tumor is essential for successfully clearing mar gins. This understanding is initially shaped by preoperative

imaging and either confirmed or clarified intraoperatively. Samples from 360 ◦ around the margins of the surgical resection must be taken including anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally, medially, inferiorly, and superiorly with the goal to resect one tissue layer deeper than what is involved. 37