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International consensus statement on rhinosinusitis

CRSwNP and AFRS have insufficient vitamin D 3 levels. VitaminD 3 levels inversely

(Continues)

Control group correlate with circulating dendritic cells and bone erosion. DenBeste 847 2013 4 Cross-sectional AFRS Healthy control Degree of bone erosion on sinusCT

epithelial cell permeability

and altered expression of tight junction proteins.

Although AFRS and CRSwNP share many common

pathways, AFRS significantly upregulates pathways important in adaptive immune response. An

antimicrobial peptide is one of the most downregulated

genes in AFRS as compared to CRSwNP.

between CRSwNP and AFRS, supporting AFRS as a separate endotype from other CRSwNP Protease-activated receptor 3 gene expression was elevated compared to controls but not if compared to CRSwNP.

mRNA levels Several genes are significantly differentially expressed

Study Year LOE Study Design Study Groups Clinical Endpoint Conclusions AFRS CRSwNP CRSsNP VD 3 deficiency

AFRS cells had increased

Circulating levels of immune cells

Transepithelial resistance Tight junction protein levels

Gene expression profiles in mucosal tissue assessed by microarray analysis

Immunofluorescence mRNA levels

Pathway analysis

AFRS

CRSwNP

Healthy control AFRS CRSwNP

Control group

AFRS

CRSwNP

CRSsNP

AERD

control – blinded analysis

control study –

blinded analysis

Mulligan 718 2011 4 Retrospective case series

control-blinded analysis

Tyler 1715 2017 2 Prospective case

Tyler 625 2018 2 Prospective case

Ebert 629 2014 2 Prospective case

TABLE X-30 (Continued)

Gene Expression