xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Servello et al 635

SS-TDI

ADscores < MCI < HCs Same pattern for subtests No correlations between test scores and OBV 12UPSIT R items identified using machine learning that best differentiated ADfromHCs AD and aMCI had lower UPSIT R scores than HCs ApoE ε 4 allele frequency higher in AD and aMCI, and inversely associated withUPSIT R scores In aMCI, olfactory test scores correlated with neocortical volumes, hippocampal volumes, and amygdala volumes performance was correlated with deep gray matter, cortical, and central atrophy Over 3.5 years of follow-up, 250 incident cases of MCI (17.5%). Decrease in B-SIT scores associated with increased risk of aMCI but not naMCI. Scores also predicted progression from aMCI to AD dementia, with significant dose-response with worsening B-SIT quartiles None of the AD had zero errors. In blinded study, diagnosis of probably AD was 48%, MCI 24%, VD 8%, alcohol-induced impairment 12%, depression 4% and PD andLBD2% Intranasal anticholinergic challenge–induced odor ID decline, which reflects greater cholinergic deficiency, was associated with subsequent better cognitive efficacy from 8-week treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor In AD, olfactory

2015 4

Case

25mildAD 25 aMCI 28HCs

control

Velayudhan et al 636

2015 4

Case

54mild to

Subset of

control

moderate AD 40 matched HCs

UPSIT R items that best differentiated early AD from HCs

Hagemeier et al 637

UPSIT R Cognitive

2016 4

Case

42AD 19aMCI 19HCs

control

measures

Roberts et al 638

2016 3

Cohort

1430 cognitively normal older patients at baseline

B-SIT (version A)

Christensen et al 639

PST (2-and 3-item versions)

2017 4

Case

20ADand20 HCs (nonblinded study) 24ADand26 HCs (blinded study)

control

Devanand et al 640

2017 3

Cohort

37MCI

UPSIT R Changes in SRT

total immediate recall and ADAS-Cog total score from baseline to 26 and 52 weeks

(Continues)