xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study Elian 674

Year LOE

Conclusions

1991 4

Case

14ALS 14 matched HCs

UPSIT R

Marked decrease in test scores of ALS

control

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(motor neuron disease)

Sajjadian et al 675

1994 4

Case

37ALS 37 matched HCs

UPSIT R

75.7% of ALS had UPSIT R scores below that of their matched controls 11% of ALS were anosmic Positive correlations noted between UPSIT R scores 16% of ALS group had abnormal UPSIT R scores and 10% delayed OERP No effect of ALS on unilaterally administered test scores; however, added left and right nose side scores to double sample size, which is statistically questionable ALS scored lower than HCs Test scores paralleled the cognitive decline TAR DNA-binding protein 43, tau, and α -synuclein accumulations appeared to be independent, with TDP-43 positive inclusions more abundant in the hippocampus and less in the OB, in contrast to accentuation of α - synuclein in theOB ALS with normal cognition exhibited normal performances ALS with FTD was impaired on both olfactory and cognitive tasks relative to HCs UPSIT R scores lower in ALS than in controls, with twice the rate ofOD and measures of peripheral nerve conductance

control

Hawkes and

1998 4

Case

58ALS 154HCs

UPSIT R

Shephard 676

control

Langet al 677

2011 4

Case

26ALS 26HCs

SS-ID (12 odors)

control

Takida et al 678

2015 4

Case

18ALS 18HCs

OSID-J Histochemical

control

studies of brain TAR DNA-binding protein 43 , tau, and α -synuclein in ALS

Pilotto et al 679

2016 4

Case

11ALSwith normal cognition 17ALSwith FTD Spectrum 30HCs

SS-ID (12 odors) + parallel picture response version

control

Viguera et al 680

2018 4

Case

78ALS 69HCs

UPSIT R

control

(Continues)