xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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425

PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point UPSIT R MRI plaque numbers

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Dotyet al 684

Over an 18- to 20-month period, as plaque numbers decline in the

1999 3

Cohort

5MS

inferior frontal and temporal lobes, OF

increases, whereas plaque numbers increase in these brain regions, OF decreases 12.% of MS exhibited abnormal smell function and 10% borderline function Relationship between smell loss and degree of MS impairment, as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression MS scored lower than HCs Robust negative correlation between smell function and lesion load in white matter in inferior frontal and temporal lobes 50% of MS exhibited hyposmia 25% exhibited retronasal deficit using oral flavor powders No correlation between orthonasal and retronasal test scores 44.4% of MS exhibited dysfunction OBVs correlated with test scores MS had lower scores on TDI, ID, and threshold thanHCs Threshold was impaired in patients who were clinically active the year before and in those with < 2 years’ disease duration ID negatively correlated with disease duration 40% of MS exhibited smell loss 23.8% OERPs suggestive of hyposmia Inverse correlation between TDI and EDSS score (Continues)

Zivadinov et al 408

1999 4

Case

40MS 40HCs

B-SIT Cognitive tests

control

Zorzon et al 409

2000 4

Case

40MS 40HCs

B-SIT MRI

control

Fleiner et al 410

2010 4

Case

16MS 16HCs

SS-TDI Taste powder test

control

Goektas et al 411

2011 4

Case

36MS 36HCs

SS-TDI MRIOBV

control

Lutterotti et al 412

2011 4

Case

50MS 30HCs

SS-TDI

control

Dahlslett et al 413

2012 4

Case

30MS 30HCs

SS-TDI OERP

control