xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

426

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Erbet al 414

2012 4

Case

30MS 30HCs

SS-TDI DTI

TDI and ID lower in MS than inHCs Threshold and discrimination scores similar in both groups Fractional anisotropy of lesions in olfactory 11.3% more impaired than HCs (3%) Secondary progressive MS impaired more than relapsing-remitting MS primary progressive MS (respective frequencies: 68.3%, 3.3.%, and 12.5%) Degree of ID olfactory impairment in MS correlated with the decrease in fractional anisotropy and increase in mean diffusivity in olfactory structures 25% of patients hyposmic and exhibited higher OB lesion volumes and smaller OBVs OERP latencies correlated with volume and number of lesions OBVs negatively correlated with MMSE scores No differences in olfactory test scores among the 3 groups No correlations between such scores and MMSE, EDSS, disease duration, history of optic neuritis, or taking immunomodulatory therapy 32% of MS exhibited smell dysfunction compared with 3% of HCs MS with EDSS score > 4had 5.2 times increased risk of dysfunction (Continues) regions inversely correlated with ID 40% of patients were hyposmic on threshold ID affected later and inversely related to disability level

control

Silvaet al 415

2013 4

Case

153MS 165HCs

B-SIT

control

Rolet et al 416

2013 3

Cross

50MS

SS-TDI

sectional

Erb-Eigner et al 418

2014 4

Case

30MS 12HCs

SS-TDI DTI

control

Holinski et al 419

2014 2

Cross

20MS

OERP MMSE

sectional

Caglayan et al 685

2016 4

Case

30MS 30HCs

SS-TDI

control

Jordyet al 421

2016 4

Case

100MS 100HCs

CCCRC olfactory test

control