xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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427

PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Kandemir et al 422

MS exhibited lower olfactory scores than HCs MRI volumes of amygdala were larger in MS than in HCs Detection and recognition thresholds higher in MS than inHCs Recognition threshold correlated with EDSS score Patients with OD had smaller OBs and less gray matter in the parahippocampal gyrus, Test scores lower in MS than inHCs No significant differences between left and right sides of the nose for ID and threshold measures but scores on the 2 sides correlated with one another The percent of MS whose bilateral test scores fell below the 10th percentile of controls did not differ between the odor ID and detection threshold tests Both ID and threshold scores weakly correlated with lesion volumes in temporal and frontal lobe brain regions Patients tested for 3 years after initial test At follow-up, 45% showed OD and 50% showed delayed OERPs Discrimination scores inversely correlated with number of relapses MS olfactory scores lower thanHCs Lower scores associated amygdala, piriform cortex, and inferior frontal gyrus

2016 4

Case

26MS 20HCs

B-SIT MRI brain

control

structure volume measures

Li et al 423

2016 3

Case

26MS 26 matched HCs

T&T olfactometer MRI brain structure volume measures

control

Goodet al 424

2017 4

Case

73MS 73 matched HCs

UPSIT R PEA Threshold MRI brain

control

structure volumes

Uecker et al 425

2017 3

Cohort

20MS

SS-TDI OERP

Atalar et al 426

2018 4

Case

31MS 24HCs

CCCRC olfactory test

control

with longer disease durations and more frequent attacks

(Continues)