xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

OuYang et al 691

MS had reductions in activation in right insula, amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus, and frontomarginal gyrus, and left supramarginal gyrus 14.6% of the study group had OD (8.3% hyposmia and 6.3% anosma) Such dysfunction was related to longer disease duration, higher hospital administration rate, lower MMSE, and disease progression Higher thresholds in PD 10 showed a significant decrease; 9 of these had moderately or rapidly progressive disease Significant negative correlation between rate of disease progression and olfactory test scores PD were impaired on all olfactory tests 39% scored 2 standard deviations below the mean of the HCs 17% and none of the HCs were totally anosmic Repeated amyl acetate trials showed larger decline in PD than in HCs similarly compromised relative to the other groups Only those who performed PD and AD test scores

2020 4

Case

18MS 20 matched HCs

fMRI to lavender and rose odorants

control

Almasi et al 692

2021 3

Cohort

48MS

Sniff Magnitude Test

Parkinson disease

Ansari and

Amyl acetate thresholds

1975 4

Case

22PD 37 sex- and

Johnson 693

control

age-matched HCs

Ward, Hess and Calne 694

1983 4

Case

72PD 53HCs

control

Phenylethylmethylethyl carbinol and amyl acetate detection thresholds Discrimination test

Serbyet al 695

10-odor

1985 4

Case

5PD 11AD 12 alcoholics with dementia 10 alcoholics without dementia 19 young HCs 16 middle-aged HCs 20 older HCs

2-alternative forced-choice IDtest presented twice Analogous tactile test

control

well on tactile test included to rule out dementia-related test-taking difficulties

Quinnet al 696

1987 4

Case

78PD 40HCs

Amyl acetate detection threshold

PD exhibited impaired threshold compared with HCs No significant correlation between threshold values and age, sex, disease duration, or drug therapy No effect of on/off dopamine therapy (Continues)

control