xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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434

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point UPSIT R OERP Postmortem

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Hawkes et al 711

Only 26% of the UPSIT R scores of PD fell within the level expected for 95% of the controls Pizza and wintergreen were the best discriminators, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 86% OERPs not detectable or latencies delayed in PD No correlation between test scores and disease duration LB found in every OB of autopsied cases Both AD and PD exhibited deficits on ID and threshold tests Only AD exhibited poorer OM Lower UPSIT R scores in dementia and the other 3 syndromes of Guamanian neurodegenerative disease The decrement in Guamanian ALS contrasts with idiopathic ALS for which smell loss reported to be minimal 81% of PD had abnormal UPSIT R scores; 32% had prolonged OERP latencies with normal amplitudes More dysfunction was observed in PD than in the other groups HCs outperformed PD on all 3 components of the SS-TDI Olfaction was a component of a diagnostic test battery for PD and accounted for more variance than any other measure (48%) PD exhibited lower scores than HCs on all measures Additionally, increasing sniff vigor improved performance in a subset of patients who had performed most poorly (Continues)

1997 4

Case

57PD 47HCs

control

pathology of 8 brains

Lehrner et al 566

1997 4

Case

22AD 21PD 19HCs

B-threshold 20-odor ID test Odor recognition test (15-minute interval)

control

Ahlskog et al 569

UPSIT R

1998 4

Case

11 pure

control

dementia

31

parkinsonism dementia complex

9ALS 9pure

parkinsonism

53 Chamorro HCs 25North American HCs

Hawkes and

1998 4

Case

155PD 72MS 58ALS 8AD 154HC

UPSIT R OERP

Shephard 571

control

Daumet al 712

2000 4

Case

40PD 40HC

SS-TDI

control

Montgomery et al 713

2000a 3

Cohort

18PD 19HC Validation: 103PD 122HCs

UPSIT R

Sobel et al 714

2001

4

Case

20PD 20HCs

UPSIT R Vanillin

control

Threshold Propionic acid threshold