xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

449

PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point Discrimination and ID thresholds MRI volume measures

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Wuet al 783

12 of 26 PD (46%) had OD Function normal in HCs No meaningful correlations of smell tests with disease duration, UPDRS score part III, and disease stage Atrophy present in piriform and orbitofrontal cortices inPD PD with PARK2 mutations had higher average odor thresholds than the 10 controls. No differences in IDorD. Fractional anisotropy values in the white matter of the left cerebellum correlated positively with odor ID negatively correlated with mean diffusivity values in the white matter of the right cerebellum 10 of the 44 PD developed dementia over a 3-year period; all had baseline hyposmia Those with severe hyposmia had an 18.7-fold increase in their risk of dementia for each 1-standard deviation (2.8) decrease in the OSID-J score Severe hyposmics exhibited a characteristic distribution of cerebral Olfactory test discriminated PD from non-PD parkinsonism at a moderate level Hyposmia less apparent in tremor-dominant PD than in akinetic-rigid and mixed type PD (55% vs 76%) Hyposmia mildly progressed from baseline to 5-year follow-up Highest diagnostic accuracy when olfaction, SN echogenicity, and motor function tests combined metabolic decline identical to that of dementia thresholds; such thresholds were

2011 4

Case

26PD 26HCs

control

Yoritaka et al 784

2011 4

Case

6PDwith PARK2

SS-TDI

control

mutations

10HCs

Zhanget al 785

2011 4

Case

25PD 25HCs

Discrimination and ID thresholds basedon

control

average among 5 different stimuli

Babaet al 786

2012 3

Cohort

44 PD without dementia

OSID-J Cognitive

measures PETandMRI

Busse et al 787

SS-ID (12 odors)

385 PD baseline 88 PD follow-up 132non-PD parkinsonism

2012 3

Case

control and cohort

(Continues)