xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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450

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point SS-ID (16 odors)

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Chenet al 788

2012 3

Case

110PD 110HCs

66.6% of PD ID scores fell below the 95% confidence interval of the ID scores of theHCs Found that autonomic dysfunction correlated with smell dysfunction in PD Smell test scores lower in PD Scores positively correlated with pupil constriction velocity, heart failure, heart rate variability, MMSE, and activities of daily living scales, and negatively correlated with Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 and gastrointestinal items of the Non-motor Symptoms Scale PD with normal smell had higher MMSE scores; those with RBD and OD had lower MMSE scores Patients with RBD and/or hyposmia typically exhibited the akinetic-rigid PD phenotype PD scores below those of HCs for all age groups In HCs, performance decreased with age for bothsexes discrimination scores thanHCs Significant correlation between olfactory deficits and executive function measures Quantitative meta-analysis indicates significant OD is evident in both AD and PD, with AD showing a more significant deficit in ID and recognition while PD had those but also had significant difficulty with detection (Continues) PD had lower ID and

control

Kanget al 789

2012 3

Case

15PD 18HCs

UPSIT R Autonomic

control

function tests

Cardiac tests Cognitive tests

Kanget al 790

2012 3

Cohort

98 drug-naive PD

B-SIT MMSE

Maremmani et al 791

2012 4

Case

133PD 511HCs

Italian Odor ID test

control

Parrao et al 792

SS-ID and SS-D Vanillin and propionic acid thresholds Cognitive tests

2012 4

Case

44PD 17 age-matched HCs

control

Rahayel et al 793

2012 1

Systematic review and meta analysis

39 studies on AD 42 studies on PD

Olfactory

psychophysical examinations (eg,UPSIT R , SS-TDI)