xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

454

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Shill et al 812

2015 4

Case

75PD 579HCs

UPSIT R

Hyposmia was present in 75% of PD and 25% of HCs 16% of PD unaware of smell loss; 47% of the HCs were also unaware Lower ID tests combined with reports of depression and constipation independently predicted LBPD Concluded PD cannot be reliably differentiated clinically from other causes of Parkinsonism 90.8% exhibited some degree of dysfunction at baseline (34.8% anosmic, 28.6% severe microsmia, 27.4% mild to moderate microsmia) Those in lowest tertile had more cognitive impairment (37.4%) than those in the middle (24.4%) and highest tertiles (14.2%) A β 1-42 was significantly lower, and tau/A β 1-42 ratio higher in those with worse olfaction Lower UPSIT R scorewas associated with greater decline in MoCA score over time Olfaction more impaired in PD than in RBD and HCs RBD more impaired than HCs Odor performance lower in PD than HCs and all other cohorts 72.2% hyposmic, 43.3% RBD, 22.1% depression, 21.5% constipation PD and RBD had ID impairments relative to HC. PD ID scores were slightly worse than RBD. PD and RBD equally impaired on SS-ID and cognitive tests.

control

Evans and Chai 813

2016 3

Cohort

291PD

SS-ID (12 odor) Depression and Constipation Questionnaire

Fullard et al 814

2016 3

Cohort

423PD

UPSIT R Normative HC data Cognitive measures

Huang 815

2016 4

Case

54PD 54RBD 54HCs

SS-ID (12 odors)

control

Mahlknecht et al 816

SS-ID (16 odors) SS-ID (8 odors)

2016 4

Case

646PD 606HCs 75 atypical PD or ET 24RBD 1719 recent PD onset

control

Swallow et al 817

2016 3

Cohort

UPSIT R SS-ID (16 odor)

Barber et al 818

SS-ID (16 odor)

2017 4

Case

119PD 171RBD 296HCs

control

(Continues)