xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions Such microstructural

degenerative changes could underlie the clinical phenotype of prodromal PD.

Sui et al 841

2019 1

Systematic review and meta analysis

3272 PD with hyposmia 5288HCs

Psychophysical examinations (eg,UPSIT R and SS-TDI) and cognitive testing for PD diagnosis

Quantitative meta-analysis indicated a 3.84-fold increase in risk for developing PD in patients with hyposmia compared withHCs

Wang 842

PD with OD exhibited more anxiety and

2019 4

Case

56 PD with OD 44 PD without OD 103 PD with OD 66 PD without OD

control

gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms

Guoet al 843

2020 4

Case

SS-TDI CSF α -synuclein andA β 1-42 levels SS-TDI Cognitive and other tests

α -Synuclein levels higher in those with OD and negatively correlated with olfactory test scores, as areA β 1-42 levels 2-year follow-up found hyposmic PD to have worse clinical course, with more dopamine repletion, and poorer scores on UPDRS III and MMSE Olfactory test scores not correlated with striatal 18Fluorodopa uptake, but with dopamine turnover presynaptic compensatory processes SS-TDI differs significantly between groups; self-assessment had low accuracy in identifying PD Males scored below females inPD Sex and apathy were predictors of SS-TDI score At time of diagnosis, 59.6% had some degree of hyposmia and 21.1% were anosmic Baseline OD unrelated to motor deficits, but was related to cognitive dysfunction and prognosis (Continues)

control

He et al 844

105 hyposmic PD 59 normosmic PD

2020 3

Case

control and cohort

Löhle et al 845

2020 3

Cohort

30 untreated denovoPD

SS-TDI 18Fluorodopa PETuptake

Schmidt 846

SS-TDI Self-assessment

2020 4

Case

64PD 33 age-matched HCs

control

Solla et al 847

2020 4

Case

99PD 69HCs

SS-TDI

control

Yooet al 848

2020 3

Cohort

228 drug-naive PD

B-SIT Motor and

cognitive tests 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging