xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

20426984, 2022, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alr.22929, Wiley Online Library on [04/09/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License

473

PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.17 (Continued) Author Year

Design LOE Study groups

Olfactory indicator Smoking measure Conclusions

Smoking-mediated OD is reversible but may persist for 15 years after smoking cessation Former smokers who had quit within 15 years had significantly impaired olfaction compared with never-smokers, but those who quit > 15 years ago had similar olfaction as never-smokers Current smoking (vs never-smoking) was

SS-ID (5 odors)

Nonsmokers, former smokers (asking age started smoking regularly, age quit, number of cigarettes smoked on average per day), and current smokers (age started, number of

4

3528 older adults, including 1526 former smokers

Siegel

2019

Population survey, case series

et al. 987

cigarettes on average day)

Schubert et al 988

2015

Prospective cohort

2

3296 participants (aged 21–84 years) in the

SDOIT

Current, former, or never-smoker

associated with increased risk of olfactory decline

baseline Beaver Dam Offspring Study (2005–2008), and 2792 (84.7%) of them, plus an additional 80 individuals who were unable to participate in the baseline phase participants aged ≥ 40 years, 1281 (70.5%) completed the examination

PST

Current, ever, and never-smoker

Smoking was not

Hoffman et al 989

4

1818 NHANES

2016

US

identified as a risk factor for OD; the logistic regression unexpectedly showed that past smoking, after adjusting for age and sex, was associated with decreased risk of OD Smoking did not explain the worse OF found in Black and Hispanic participants, who had markedly worse OF (controlling for sex and age) compared withWhite participants In re-analysis of these data (Ajmani et al,

nationally represen tative, cross sectional

Pinto

2014

Cross

4

n = 3005,with oversampled Blackand Hispanic individuals,

SS-ID (5 odors)

Current smoking,

et al. 528

sectional survey

based on either salivary cotinine level (n = 2219) or self-report (n = 709)

men, and oldest participants

2017, see below), smoking did not

associate significantly with the odds of OD

(Continues)