xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.17 (Continued) Author Year

Design LOE Study groups

Olfactory indicator Smoking measure Conclusions

B-SIT

Ever smoker, nonsmoker

Smoking status (ever) had independent effects on odor identification in multiple regression analysis No effects of smoking on OF, although most smokers were aged < 40 years (suggesting less exposure to smoking)

Liu

1995

Cross

4

510 participants

et al 996

sectional

(aged ≥ 50years), 239 men and 271 women

Mackay Sim

2006

Cross

4

485 healthy,

SS-TDI

Smokers vs

sectional

nonmedicated, nonsmokers with no history of nasal problems and 457 who were either medicated, smokers, or had a history of nasal problems 557 Japanese adults (368 men and 189 women)

nonsmokers

et al 997

Smokers and previous

Ishimaru et al 998

B-SIT

Brinkman Index (number of

2007

Cross

2b

smokers had lower OF than nonsmokers

sectional

cigarettes smoked per day multiplied byyears of

smoking) and urine test for nicotine intake level

Frye

1990

Cross

2b

638 employees (553 men, 85 women; mean age, 43 years) of a large chemical manufacturing facility 260 never smokers 197 former smokers 170 current smokers

UPSIT R

Pack-years

Current smokers were nearly twice as likely to have an olfactory deficit than persons who never smoked (adjusted odds ratio) No elevated risk of OD was found for previous smokers when compared with never-smokers There was a dose relationship between pack-years and decreased odor identification ability Current smoking was

et al 999

sectional

Doty

UPSIT R

1984

Cross

2b

1339 volunteers

Smokers,

et al 13

sectional

(aged, 10 to 99 years) without reported smell abnormalities and who were able to correctly identify at least half of the odorants

nonsmokers

associated with lower odor identification ability, but the effects were not large and not in a dose relationship

(Continues)