xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.17 (Continued) Author Year

Design LOE Study groups

Olfactory indicator Smoking measure Conclusions

No differences in OD

SS-TDI extended

Self-reported smokers vs nonsmokers

Delgado

2020 Cross

4

209 healthy

between smokers and nonsmokers

Losada et al 1000

sectional

normosmic volunteers (without any conditions associated with OD)

Nettore

2020 Cross

2b

348 participants (n = 241women, 107 men), with a meanageof 42.41 ± 15.63 years whodidnot report a smell or taste problem 25% of the sample smoked, averaging 10.52 ± 8.20 cigarettes per dayand for 15.15 ± 12.77 years smokers; for nicotine dependence, 84% reported smoking within 30 minutes of waking 135 chronic volunteers—57% were smokers and43%had never smoked with no passive smoke exposure Nasal endoscope andCTscan confirmed no abnormal nose and the paranasal sinuses No history of any major olfactory disturbance 114 healthy

Flavor identification task of 20 flavors Subjective chemosensory function, namely flavor (“How would you rate your fine taste, eg, during eatingand drinking?”) on a VAS

Nonsmokers (never smoked; smoking cessation > 10 years previously) vs current (number of cigarettes per day, number of years smoking)

Cigarette smoking did not seem to influence flavor recognition Age and sex differences were seen

et al 1001

sectional

Approximately 41% of smokers had measured OD, primarily hyposmia,

Participants

16-item odor

Duffy

4

2019

Case

et al 1002

completed the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence, including time to first cigarette and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives

identification (generated by a portable

control analysis

which was up to 7-fold higher than the nonsmokers from 2013–2014 NHANES problem among those with measured dysfunction (sensitivity of self-report) was low significantly lower function for olfactory identification, detection, and threshold, even after controlling for age and sex in multivariate regression and logistic analysis and treating pack-years as a continuous variable

olfactometer) task and intensity rating alteration following NHANES protocol

Self-rated smell

Awareness of the

Katotomi

2007

Cross

3

SS-TDI

Pack-years

Smokers had

chelakis et al 1003

sectional, observa tional

(Continues)