xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.17 (Continued) Author Year

Design LOE Study groups

Olfactory indicator Smoking measure Conclusions

The odds of self-reported OD did not vary significantly in active smokers vs passive or regression (in younger ≥ 19 years or older ≥ 40 years) Total smoking period (years) was significantly associated with CRS, but not other smoking behaviors (age started, number of cigarettes per day, pack-years of smoking significant differences in smoking status by chemosensory categories (no taste or smell problem, smell or taste dysfunction, smell and taste dysfunction) Significant association between chemosensory dysfunction and a higher concentration There were no nonsmokers in adjusted logistic

Active smokers,

“Have you had

Lee

2015

Cross

4

1589 adults

et al 1006

passive smokers, and nonsmokers basedon questionnaire responses and urine cotinine levels

problems with your sense of smell during the past 3 months?”

sectional

completed questionnaires on rhinologic symptoms and smoking behaviors and underwent nasal endoscopy

CRS diagnosis from ≥ 2 symptoms,

including OD

Huang

2017

Cross

4

12,627 Chinese participants

National Health

Never-, past, current smokers

et al 1007

sectional

Interview Survey: ‘‘Do you have any problems with your sense of smell, such as not being able to smell things or things not smelling the way they are supposed to for ≥ 3 months?’’

(10,418 men and 2209 women; mean age, 54.4 years) who did not take hypolipidemic agents

of total cholesterol, particularly among younger adults and nonsmokers

Collins

Smokers were four times and passive smokers six times more likely to report a diminished sense of smell than nonsmokers

Smoker, nonsmoker, passive smoker, nonsmoker (never, not smoking > 5 years)

Self-reported “Has

1999

Cross

2

144 volunteers, including 60 smokers (22

et al 1008

your sense of smell become reduced?” onVAS

sectional

men, 27 women), 61 nonsmokers (19men, 42 women), and 23 passive smokers (5men, 18 women) 3900 patients with olfactory loss; 521 patients were current smokers and 316 patients had a history of smoking

Fjaeldstad et al 1009

2021

Retrospective observa tional 4

SS-TDI extended

Smoking dose was calculated in pack-years (packs smoked per day × with number of years where smoking occurred)

No significant overall differences in measured olfaction between current, former, and nonsmokers; adults with posttraumatic olfactory loss were significantly more likely to be current smokers

(Continues)