xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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PATEL et al.

TABLE VII.9 (Continued) Disease Study

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point Conclusions

SSc

Amital

2014 4

Case-control

20 patients with SSc and 21 controls

SS-TDI

3 of 20 (15%) patients had SSc hyposmia TDI SSc < controls TDI scores correlate inversely with BDI-II OD was seen in 54.5% of patients with SLE, 59.3% with SSc, and and 14.45% of HCs SLE and SSc TDI < HCs. OD was associated with age, inflammation, and hippocampus and amygdala volume In patients with SLE, there was an association with anti-P, anxiety, and detectable olfactory deficit compared with controls seen between visual and olfactory involvement scored the same as controls Negative correlation No correlation was Patients with MS depression symptoms Patients with MS patients had no

et al 402

Bombini et al 403

SS-TDI, MoCA, BAI, BDI, MRI, (anti-P) antibodies

2018 4

Case-control

143 patients with SLE, 57 with SSc, and 166 HCs

MS

Ansari

1976 4

Case-control

40 patients with MS and 24 controls

Amyl acetate and nitrobenzene double-blind threshold tests

et al 404

Samkoff et al 405

1996 4

Case-control

16 patients with MS and 14 controls

UPSIT R

between UPSIT R scores and EDSS

Doty

1997 4

Case series

26 patients with MS UPSIT R

38.5% of patients with MS had olfactory loss Negative correlation with lesion load

et al 406

MRI with gadolinium

Hawkes

15% patients had

1997 4

Case-control

72 patients with MS and 96 controls

UPSIT R Olfactory-evoked potentials

et al 407

abnormal UPSIT R

25% patients had abnormal

olfactory-evoked potentials

UPSIT R scores

correlated with EDSS

UPSIT R scores with the H2S-evoked response

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