xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.9 (Continued) Disease Study

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point Conclusions

Zivadinov et al 408

1999 4

Case-control

73 patients with MS and 40 controls

B-SIT and clinical variables

12.5% patients with MS had an absolute loss of smell Borderline normal in 10% and abnormal in 12.5% Correlations between smell identification score and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and severity of 12.5% of patients had abnormal olfactory B-SIT MS score was worse than in controls Sex, age, disease duration, disability, anxiety, depression, lesion load Correlation between B-SIT score and olfactory brain lesion neurological impairment

Zorzon

2000 4

Case-control

40 patients with MS and 40 controls

B-SIT

et al 409

load, and negative correlation EDSS

Fleiner

2010 4

Case-control

16 patients with MS and 16 controls

SS-TDI

MS: 50% hyposmia EDSS score was

et al 410

inversely correlated with the identification subtest

Goektas et al 411

2011

4

Cross-sectional, case-control

36 patients with MS and 36 controls

SS-TDI

44.4% of patients with MS had olfactory alteration OBV correlated with OF Identification scores correlated with neurological scores

Lutterotti et al 412

2011

4

Case-control

50 patients with MS and 30 controls

SS-TDI

Patients with MS

scored worse than controls on TDI,

threshold, and identification Worsened smell

threshold earlier in disease and then impaired identification with widespread chronic disease

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