xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.9 (Continued) Disease Study

Year LOE Study design Study groups

Clinical end point Conclusions

Caminiti et al 417

2014 4

Case-control

30 patients with MS and 30 controls

Olfactory ERP

7 of 30 patients did not show Olfactory ERP 16 of 23 patients had amplitude significantly lower than in the control group scored worse than controls TDI score increased with decreased fractional anisotropy, increased mean diffusivity, and increased radial diffusivity Fractional anisotropy decreased in olfactory structures TDI correlated with EDSS 25% hyposmic. Negative correlation of OBV and hydrogen sulfide latencies Hyposmic patients had Patients with MS smaller OBVs and higher volume of lesions in the OB Patients with MS had worse thresholds compared with controls Threshold, identification, and TDI correlated with age TDI correlated with MMSE and EDSS Olfactory alteration was seen in 32% of patients with MS compared with 3% controls No difference in total smell scores and disease duration or relapse

Erb-Eigner et al 418

2014 4

Case-control

30 patients with MS and 12 controls

SS-TDI

Holinski et al 419

2014 4

Case series

20 patients with MS Olfactometer

Caglayan et al 420

2016 4

Case-control

29 patients with MS and30 controls

SS-TDI

Jordy

2016 4

Case-control

100 patients with MS and 100 controls

CCCRC olfactory test

et al 421

Kandemir et al 422

2016 4

Case-control

20 patients with MS and 20 controls

B-SIT

(Continues)