xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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406

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point B-threshold

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Baconet al 570

1998 4

Case

8 AD converters 62 stable HCs

Threshold changed in year before AD conversion. MCI carriers of ApoE ε 4 had poorer thresholds than noncarriers UPSIT R abnormal in all 8 AD patients; OERP normal in the 4 patients that could be tested AD was differentiated from depression 1 or 0 correct on the 3-item test discriminated with a hit rate of 90% (80% sensitivity; 100% specificity) AD performed worse on odor threshold; OM, as reflected by ability to generate odor names to cued odors or names of odors, lower in AD No significant B-threshold differences; AD performed more poorly on odor ID composite, with poorer performance on odor matching test Poorer threshold scores in AD Remote memory for odors, measured by familiarity test 1 year later, more impaired in AD than remote memory for some visual stimuli Test discriminated between AD and depression with a hit rate of 97.5% (95% sensitivity; 100% specificity) ADscores = VD scores; all lower than those of HCs UPSIT R correlated 0.68 with the degree of cognitive impairment measured by CAMCOG UPSIT R but not PEA threshold impaired in AD Odors activated left and right piriform areas and right anterior ventral temporal cortex (Continues)

control

Hawkes and

1998 4

Case

8AD 156HCs

UPSIT R OERP

Shephard 571

control

Solomon 572

1998 4

Case

20AD 20MD

PST

control

Bacon-Moore et al 573

1999 4

Case

40AD 40 matched HCs

B-threshold Odor ID Odor fluency

control

Larsson 574

1999 4

Case

11AD 11HCs

B-threshold ID: free ID, verbal cues, visual

control

cues, odor matching

Niccoli-Waller et al 575

1999 4

Case

32AD 32HCs

B-threshold 10-odor

control with longitu dinal prospec tive arm

longitudinal familiarity memory test

McCaffrey et al 576

2000 4

Case

20AD 20MD

PST

control

Grayet al 577

2001 4

Case

13AD 13VD 13HCs

UPSIT R

control

Kareken et al 578

7AD 8HCs

UPSIT R PEA threshold PET imaging

2001 4

Case

control andPET imaging