xRead - Olfactory Disorders (September 2023)

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410

INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON OLFACTION

TABLE VII.12 (Continued)

Study design Study groups

Clinical end point Odor naming,

Topic

Study

Year LOE

Conclusions

Luzzi et al 598

Only AD performed worse than HCs on odor discrimination All dementia groups performed worse than HCs on odor naming and odor-picture matching Only patients with semantic dementia performed more poorly than HCs on picture naming and word-picture matching tests (which involved no odors) AD had significantly lower test scores than HCs The SS-ID scores of the depressed patients were equivalent to those of the HCs B-thresholds higher (less sensitivity) in AD ApoE ε 4–positive HC men, but not their female counterparts, performed more poorly on OM test InAD,ApoE ε 4–negative women performed better thanApoE ε 4–positive women MCI performed poorly on olfactory test vs HCs Among older persons without manifest cognitive impairment, difficulty in identifying odors predicts subsequent development of MCI At 3 years, 33 of 126 converted; UPSIT R + 4 other measures optimized detection of converters For all tests, AD < MCI < HCs Authors concluded that ID and threshold deficits occur early in AD, before

2007 4

Case

14AD 11FTD 8 patients with

discrimination, odor-picture matching, picture naming, word-picture matching tests

control

semantic dementia

7CBD 20HCs

Pentzek et al 599

2007 4

Case

30AD 20MD 31HCs

SS-ID (16 odors)

control

Sundermann et al 600

B-threshold Recognition

2007 4

Case

19ApoE ε 4AD 19noApoE ε 4 19ApoE ε 4HCs 19noAPoE ε 4 HCs

control

Memory Test

Wilson et al 601

2007 4

Case

177 incident MCI 412HCs

B-SIT

control

Devanand et al 602

UPSIT R

2008 3

Cohort

148 MCI tested at 6-month intervals for conversion to AD

Djordjevic et al 603

2008 4

Case

27AD 51MCI 33HCs

UPSIT R PEA threshold 32-trial

control

same/different discrimination test

clinical symptoms are fully developed, and decline further as disease progresses (Continues)