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Wise et al.

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Reisacher 963 2013 4 Descriptive Collection technique: mucosal brush. NAR (n = 20) Nasal sIgE Nasal sIgE detected in 100% of patients. Varied from 0% Alternaria to 90% cockroach. No association to QOL.

Study Year LOE Study design Study groups Clinical endpoint Conclusion 2 control (n = 10) Huggins & Brostoff 303 nonconsecutive 1 NAR (n = 14); 2 AR (n = 6); SPT, NPT, serum and nasal sIgE to HDM

Nasal sIgE in AR and NAR patients with positive NPT; but not in controls.

Detection of sIgE in inferior turbinate mucosa and serum.

Zicari et al. 292 2016 4 Descriptive Collection technique: nasal lavage. NAR, children (n = 20) Becker et al. 962 2015 4 Descriptive Collection technique: cotton ball. NARES (n = 19) Nasal sIgE No detectable nasal sIgE in any of the patients. Nasal and serum NPT, nasal sIgE 66% had positive NPT. Nasal sIgE present in 8% to 42%.

Reisacher 964 2012 4 Descriptive Collection technique: mucosal brush. AR (n = 18) Nasal sIgE, SPT Nasal sIgE in 75% of subjects, association between brush testing and SPT. sIgE measured after allergen avoidance

Somatic hypermutation, clonal expansion, and class switching occurs within the nasal mucosa of AR patients. Nasal sIgE may be more sensitive than serum sIgE.

Antibody response in AR patients is local in the nasal mucosa.

Ota et al. 961 2016 4 Descriptive Collection technique: mucosal biopsy. AR (n = 11) Nasal and serum sIgE

Coker et al. 309 2003 4 Descriptive Collection technique: mucosal biopsy. AR (n = 6) Nasal IgE heavy chain

Sensi et al. 965 1994 4 Descriptive Collection technique: nasal lavage. Children with asthma and rhinitis (n = 18) Platts-Mills 311 1979 4 Descriptive Collection technique: nasal lavage. AR (n = 50) Nasal IgG, IgA, and IgE

3 Control (n = 5)

Collection technique: filter paper.

1975 3b Cross-sectional,

AR = allergic rhinitis; HDM = house dust mite; Ig = immunoglobulin; IgA = immunoglobulin A; IgG = immunoglobulin G; LAR = local allergic rhinitis; LOE = level of evidence; NAR = non-allergic rhinitis; NARES = non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome; NPT = nasal [allergen] provocation test; PAR = perennial allergic rhinitis; SAR = seasonal allergic rhinitis; sIgE = allergen-specific immunoglobulin E; SPT = skin-prick test; tIgE = total immunoglobulin E.

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol . Author manuscript; available in PMC 2020 June 10.